​
​
Sign In
  • Support FanGraphs
    FanGraphs Membership
    FanGraphs Shirts
    FanGraphs Mugs
    Gift a Membership
    Donate to FanGraphs
  • Fantasy
    Fantasy Tools
    Fantasy Player Rater
    Auction Calculator
    Ottoneu Fantasy Baseball
    Signup, FAQ, Blog Posts
  • Blogs
    Blog Roll

    FanGraphs
      Podcasts: Effectively Wild

      FanGraphs Prospects

      RotoGraphs
        Podcasts: The Sleeper and The Bust | Field of Streams | Beat the Shift

        Community Research

          Archived Blogs: The Hardball Times | NotGraphs | TechGraphs | FanGraphs+
          Archived THT: THT Live | Dispatch | Fantasy | ShysterBall
          Archived Podcasts: FanGraphs Audio | Chin Music | UMP: The Untitled McDongenhagen Project | Stealing Home | Doing It For Bartolo | OttoGraphs |
        • Projections
          2025 Pre-Season Projections
          ZiPS, ZiPS DC
          Steamer
          Depth Charts
          ATC
          THE BAT, THE BAT X
          OOPSY
          2025 600 PA / 200 IP Projections
          Steamer600, Steamer600 (Update)
          2025 Updated In-Season Projections
          ZiPS (RoS), ZiPS (Update), ZiPS DC (RoS)
          Steamer (RoS), Steamer (Update)
          Depth Charts (RoS)
          ATC DC (RoS)
          THE BAT (RoS), THE BAT X (RoS)
          OOPSY DC (RoS)
          3-Year Projections
          ZiPS 2026, ZiPS 2027
          On-Pace Leaders
          Every Game Played, Games Played %
          Cy Young Award Projections

          Auction Calculator
        • Scores
          Today
          Live Scoreboard, Probable Pitchers
          Live Daily Leaderboards
          Win Probability & Box Scores
          2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019
          AL Games
          NL Games
        • Standings
          2025 Projected Standings
          2025 Playoff Odds, Playoff Odds Graphs
          2024 ZiPS Postseason Game-By-Game Odds
          AL East
          AL Central
          AL West
          NL East
          NL Central
          NL West
        • Leaders
          Major League Leaders
          Batting: 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, Career
          Pitching: 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, Career
          Fielding: 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, Career
          Major League Leaders - Rank
          Batting: Ranking Grid, Compare Players, Compare Stats
          Pitching: Ranking Grid, Compare Players, Compare Stats
          Splits Leaderboards
          Season Stat Grid

          Postseason Leaders
          Batting: 2024, (WS), (LCS), (LDS), (WCS), Career
          Pitching: 2024, (WS), (LCS), (LDS), (WCS), Career

          Spring Training Leaders
          Batting: 2025, 2024, 2023
          Pitching: 2025, 2024, 2023

          KBO Leaders
          Batting, Pitching
          NPB Leaders
          Batting, Pitching

          Minor League Leaders
          AAA: International League, Pacific Coast League
          AA: Eastern League, Southern League, Texas League
          A+: Midwest League, South Atlantic League, Northwest League
          A: California League, Carolina League, Florida State League
          CPX: Arizona, Florida
          R: Dominican Summer League
          College Leaders
          Batting, Pitching

          WAR Tools
          Combined WAR Leaderboards
          WAR Graphs
          WPA Tools
          WPA Inquirer
          Rookie Leaders
          Batters 2025, Pitchers 2025
          Splits Leaders
          Batters: vs L, vs R, Home, Away
          Pitchers: vs L, vs R, Home, Away
        • Teams
          Team Batting Stats
          2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020
          Team Pitching Stats
          2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020
          Team WAR Totals (RoS)
          AL East
          Blue Jays  |  DC
          Orioles  |  DC
          Rays  |  DC
          Red Sox  |  DC
          Yankees  |  DC
          AL Central
          Guardians  |  DC
          Royals  |  DC
          Tigers  |  DC
          Twins  |  DC
          White Sox  |  DC
          AL West
          Angels  |  DC
          Astros  |  DC
          Athletics  |  DC
          Mariners  |  DC
          Rangers  |  DC
          NL East
          Braves  |  DC
          Marlins  |  DC
          Mets  |  DC
          Nationals  |  DC
          Phillies  |  DC
          NL Central
          Brewers  |  DC
          Cardinals  |  DC
          Cubs  |  DC
          Pirates  |  DC
          Reds  |  DC
          NL West
          D-backs  |  DC
          Dodgers  |  DC
          Giants  |  DC
          Padres  |  DC
          Rockies  |  DC
          Positional Depth Charts
          Batters: C, 1B, 2B, SS, 3B, LF, CF, RF, DH
          Pitchers: SP, RP
        • RosterResource
          Current Depth Charts
          AL East
          Blue Jays
          Orioles
          Rays
          Red Sox
          Yankees
          AL Central
          Guardians
          Royals
          Tigers
          Twins
          White Sox
          AL West
          Angels
          Astros
          Athletics
          Mariners
          Rangers
          NL East
          Braves
          Marlins
          Mets
          Nationals
          Phillies
          NL Central
          Brewers
          Cardinals
          Cubs
          Pirates
          Reds
          NL West
          D-backs
          Dodgers
          Giants
          Padres
          Rockies
          In-Season Tools
          2025 Closer Depth Chart
          2025 Injury Report
          2025 Payroll Pages
          2025 Transaction Tracker
          2025 Schedule Grid
          2025 Probables Grid
          2025 Lineup Tracker
          2025 Minor League Power Rankings
          Offseason Tools
          2025 Free Agent Tracker
          2025 Offseason Tracker
          2025 Opening Day Tracker
        • Prospects
          Prospects Home
          The Board
          The Board: Scouting + Stats!
          How To Use The Board: A Tutorial
          Farm System Rankings

          Top Prospects List
          20252024
          AL
          BALCHWATH
          BOSCLEHOU
          NYYDETLAA
          TBRKCRSEA
          TORMINTEX
          NL
          ATLCHCARI
          MIACINCOL
          NYMMILLAD
          PHIPITSDP
          WSNSTLSFG
          2025 Preseason Top 100
        • Glossary
          Library
          Batting Stats
          wOBA, wRC+, ISO, K% & BB%, more...
          Pitching Stats
          FIP, xFIP, BABIP, K/9 & BB/9, more...
          Defensive Stats
          UZR Primer, DRS, FSR, TZ & TZL, more...
          More
          WAR, UBR Primer, WPA, LI, Clutch
          Guts!
          Seasonal Constants
          Park Factors
          Park Factors by Handedness
        • Sign In
        • Intro
        • Features
        • Offense
          • Complete List (Offense)
          • OBP
          • OPS and OPS+
          • wOBA
          • wRC and wRC+
          • wRAA
          • Off
          • BsR
          • UBR
          • wSB
          • wGDP
          • BABIP
          • ISO
          • HR/FB
          • Spd
          • Pull%/Cent%/Oppo%
          • Soft%/Med%/Hard%
          • GB%, LD%, FB%
          • K% and BB%
          • Plate Discipline (O-Swing%, Z-Swing%, etc.)
          • Pitch Type Linear Weights
          • Pace
        • Defense
          • Overview
          • Def
          • UZR
          • DRS
          • Defensive Runs Saved – 2020 Update
          • Inside Edge Fielding
          • Catcher Defense
          • FSR
          • RZR
          • TZ / TZL
        • Pitching
          • Complete List (Pitching)
          • PitchingBot Pitch Modeling Primer
          • Stuff+, Location+, and Pitching+ Primer
          • ERA
          • WHIP
          • FIP
          • xFIP
          • SIERA
          • Strikeout and Walk Rates
          • Pull%/Cent%/Oppo%
          • Soft%/Med%/Hard%
          • GB%, LD%, FB%
          • BABIP
          • HR/FB
          • LOB%
          • Pitch Type Linear Weights
          • SD / MD
          • ERA- / FIP- / xFIP-
          • Plate Discipline (O-Swing%, Z-Swing%, etc.)
          • Pace
          • PITCHF/x
            • What is PITCHF/x?
            • Pitch Type Abbreviations & Classifications
            • Heat Maps
            • Common Mistakes
            • PITCHf/x Resources
        • WE/RE/LI
          • RE24
          • Win Expectancy
          • WPA
          • LI
          • WPA/LI
          • Clutch
        • Principles
          • DIPS
          • Regression toward the Mean
          • Replacement Level
          • Sample Size
          • Splits
          • Projection Systems
          • Linear Weights
          • Counting vs. Rate Statistics
          • Park Factors
          • Park Factors – 5 Year Regressed
          • Positional Adjustment
          • Aging Curve
          • League Equivalencies
          • Pythagorean Win-Loss
          • Luck
        • WAR
          • What is WAR?
          • WAR for Position Players
          • WAR for Pitchers
          • FDP
          • fWAR, rWAR, and WARP
          • WAR Misconceptions
        • Business

        Defense

        by Piper Slowinski
        February 15, 2010

        For every run scored, a run is allowed. That’s cemented in the rules of the game and the laws of physics. To score a run, someone else has to let a run score. While most of that allowance belongs to the pitcher, there are eight other players on the field with him at any given moment and they deserve some of the blame or credit for how often a run does or doesn’t score.

        Unfortunately, for most of baseball history, we’ve had exceptionally lousy practices for measuring defense. Errors and fielding percentage seem to make sense at first but if you peel back the onion at all, they just don’t get the job done. Defense is a meaningful slice of run prevention and we care about measuring run prevention, ergo, we need to do a decent job of measuring defense. How do we go about doing that?

        This section of the Library walks you through that process, chronicling some of the different tools we have at our disposal. There are going to be some changes happening in the next few months and refines along the way, so think of this as a bit of a living organism.

        • Overview
        • UZR
        • DRS
        • DEF
        • RZR
        • TZ/TZL
        • Catcher Defense
        • Inside Edge
        • FSR

        Some additional, incomplete links (suggest others!):

        Sabermetrics 101: Defense – Lookout Landing

        Framing the Framing Debate – Lookout Landing

        What Mean Do You Regress To? – FanGraphs

        Defense and Inferential Statistics – FanGraphs

        Evaluating Defense – Beyond the Boxscore

        UZR: 2008 to 2009 – FanGraphs

        Defensive Metrics, Their Flaws, and the Language of Writers – FanGraphs

        The Beginner’s Guide to Measuring Defense – FanGraphs




        Offense
         
        Pitching

        Piper was the editor-in-chief of DRaysBay and the keeper of the FanGraphs Library.

        Subscribe
        Login
        Notify of
        Please login to comment
        6 Comments
        Oldest
        Newest Most Voted
        Inline Feedbacks
        View all comments
        Sam
        14 years ago

        Where does the “Scp” (scoops, presumably) data on the player pages come from, and how is it defined? Thanks!

        1
        Ernie Vanholland
        13 years ago

        This web site doesn’t render correctly on my apple iphone – you might wanna try and repair that

        -4
        jonesy369
        13 years ago

        In the Team Statistics display, what exactly is “Fld”? Obviously some kind of measure of defense, but what measure? UZR? +/-? FRAA? It doesn’t seem to be in your glossary.

        0
        Brian
        13 years ago

        @jonesey Fld is simply the player’s UZR at each position played during the season summed.

        0
        YoImACubanB
        12 years ago

        could you please change some settings so that you are able to hover out the categories and a little bubble window pops up with what the abbreviation stands for. It would be a little easier to do research if we knew what we were looking at =)

        7
        Bill
        12 years ago

        This is very true — a lot of these abbreviations you guys use are not listed in your glossary, and these days it is so easy to have that info appear as hover text, in fact it’s pretty standard on stats websites now. If you want to spread the gospel of sabremetrics, maybe it’s better if it’s not all in Latin. It’s a bit much to expect us new visitors to go google every heading. At least they should be in the glossary, and it looks like many of the headings are not. This is a major UI deficiency on this site.

        6
        You are going to send email to

        Move Comment

        Updated: Tuesday, May 13, 2025 11:36 PM ETUpdated: 5/13/2025 11:36 PM ET
        @fangraphs - Contact Us - Advertise - Terms of Service - Privacy Policy
        sis_logo
        All major league baseball data including pitch type, velocity, batted ball location, and play-by-play data provided by Sports Info Solutions.
        mlb logo
        Major League and Minor League Baseball data provided by Major League Baseball.
        Mitchel Lichtman
        All UZR (ultimate zone rating) calculations are provided courtesy of Mitchel Lichtman.
        TangoTiger.com
        All Win Expectancy, Leverage Index, Run Expectancy, and Fans Scouting Report data licenced from TangoTiger.com
        Retrosheet.org
        Play-by-play data prior to 2002 was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by Retrosheet.